Once the rectifier reaches the positive half cycle, then the diode acquires forward biased & allows the flow of current to make the capacitor charge again. The charging and discharging of the capacitor mainly depends on when the input voltage supply is less or greater than the capacitor voltage. This stops the o/p load voltage from falling to nil. Thus the capacitor releases all the stored current through the RL. Throughout this, the supply voltage is low then the voltage of a capacitor. Once the rectifier reaches to negative half cycle, the diode acquires reverse biased & stops letting the flow of current through it. When it gets charged then it holds the supply until the supply of i/p AC toward the rectifier achieves the negative half cycle. As the voltage among the two plates of the capacitor is equivalent to the voltage supply, then it is said to be completely charged. Throughout the conduction time, the capacitor gets charged to the highest value of the voltage supply. The DC components flow through the load resistor (low resistance path). So when the flow of current gets the filter, the ac components experience a low-resistance and dc components experience a high-resistance from the capacitor. The flow of current always chooses to supply through a low resistance lane. We know that the capacitor gives high-resistive lane to DC components as well as low-resistive lane to AC components. Whenever AC voltage is applied to the circuit throughout the positive half cycle, then the diode lets the flow of current through it. Here, the connection of the capacitor ‘C’ is in shunt with the ‘RL’ load resistor. This circuit is built with a resistor and capacitor. The circuit diagram of half wave rectifier using a capacitor filter is shown above. The filter can be built with components like resistors, capacitors, and inductors. So here filter is used to remove or reduce the AC components at the output. The energetic DC mainly includes both AC & DC components. To overcome this problem and to get a smooth DC, there will be solutions namely filter. Thus, we require a DC that does not change with time. Due to this reason, it will not be applicable in most of the applications. Whenever this changing DC is given to any type of electronic device, then it may not function correctly, and that may get damaged. This DC is not constant and varies with time. However, the acquired output DC is not pure and it is an exciting DC. The main function of half wave rectifier is to change the AC ( Alternating Current) into DC (Direct Current). Half Wave Rectifier with Capacitor Filter The capacitor filter circuit is applicable for small load currents. The capacitor filter circuit is very famous due to its features like low cost, less weight, small size, & good characteristics. Furthermore, the output voltage is superior because it remains significantly close to the highest value of the output voltage of the rectifier. This procedure will repeat many times and the output waveform will be seen that very slight ripple is missing in the output. The voltage across the load will reduce little only because the next peak voltage occurs instantaneously to charge the capacitor. As this happens, the capacitor starts discharging through the voltage across it and load. Capacitor FilterĪt the last part of the quarter phase, the capacitor will be charged to the highest rectifier voltage value that is denoted with Vm, and then the voltage of the rectifier starts to reduce. Whenever the voltage of the rectifier enhances then the capacitor will be charged as well as supplies the current to the load. The rectifier’s exciting voltage is given across the terminals of a capacitor. The designing of this circuit can be done with a capacitor (C) as well as load resistor (RL). A typical capacitor filter circuit diagram is shown below.
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